{"id":6213,"date":"2024-06-20T23:05:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T20:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/?p=6213"},"modified":"2026-08-25T20:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T17:03:34","slug":"hucrenin-yapisi-hucrenin-ozellikleri-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/hucrenin-yapisi-hucrenin-ozellikleri-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fccrenin Yap\u0131s\u0131: H\u00fccrenin \u00d6zellikleri Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>; bir \u00e7ekirdek zar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili olan ve \u00e7ekirde\u011fini \u00e7evreleyen bir sitoplazma kitlesinden olu\u015fur. B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar bir ya da birden fazla h\u00fccreden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ve h\u00fccreler canl\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131sal ve i\u015flevsel birimleridir. H\u00fccrelerin meydana gelmesi var olan h\u00fccrelerin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNA ve RNA kal\u0131t\u0131m materyallerini ta\u015f\u0131yan h\u00fccreler, bu kal\u0131t\u0131m materyallerini b\u00f6l\u00fcnme yoluyla yeni h\u00fccrelere aktar\u0131rlar. H\u00fccreler solunum, emilim, sindirim, hareket, sentez ve salg\u0131lama, \u00e7o\u011falma ve rejenerasyon ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"762\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1-1024x762.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1-1024x762.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-1-1.jpg 1395w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 <\/strong>\u00e7ekirde\u011finin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re iki farkl\u0131 kategoriye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar ilkel olan ve zarla \u00e7evrili \u00e7ekirde\u011fe ve zarl\u0131 organelleri bulunmayan Prokaryotlar ve \u00e7ekirdek zar\u0131 ve zarl\u0131 organelleri bulunan \u00f6karyot h\u00fccrelerdir.&nbsp; Prokaryot h\u00fccrelerin baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tipik olmayan h\u00fccre tipidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7ekirdeksiz olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rlar ve \u00e7ekirdek materyalleri protoplazma ile kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sitoplazmalar\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak ribozom gran\u00fclleri bulunur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I\u015f\u0131k mikroskopu ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solunum yapabilen enzimleri vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan baz\u0131 prokaryot canl\u0131lar viroidler, bakteriler, siyanobakteriler, mikoplazmalar ve prionlard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1-730x730.jpg 730w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-2-1.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6karyot h\u00fccreler ise \u00e7ekirdek k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131yla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f bir \u00e7ekirdekten ve sitoplazmadan olu\u015fan h\u00fccre tipidir. \u00d6rnek olarak bitkiler, hayvanlar, mantarlar ve protista grubundaki canl\u0131lar \u00f6karyot h\u00fccre \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Prokaryot ve \u00f6karyot h\u00fccrelerin benzerlikleri ise h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, sitoplazma s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, kal\u0131t\u0131m materyalinin bulunmas\u0131 ve ribozom organelinin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin \u00d6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin temel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir <\/strong>a\u00e7\u0131klanmak gerekirse; h\u00fccreler, 8-10 nm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u00fccre zar\u0131na sahiptir ve fosfolipid, kollestrol i\u00e7eren iki tabakal\u0131 bir lipid yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. H\u00fccre zarlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %60 protein, %35 ya\u011f ve %5 karbonhidrat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulundururlar. Hem morfolojik hem de metabolik olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren h\u00fccrelerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, metabolizmalar\u0131nda diff\u00fczyon yapabilmeleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-3-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"846\" height=\"798\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-3-1.jpg 846w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-3-1-300x283.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-3-1-768x724.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00fccreler, h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131ndan ham materyalleri alarak enerji \u00fcretir ve bu sayede i\u00e7 ortam dengesini sa\u011flar. Kendi molek\u00fcllerini sentezleyerek organize \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen h\u00fccreler, \u00e7evreden gelen uyar\u0131lara cevap verebildikleri gibi istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011falabilirler. H\u00fccreleri olu\u015fturan maddeler protoplazma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve protoplazma \u015fu maddelerden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Su<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektrolit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protein<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lipit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Karbonhidrat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00fccrelerin temel s\u0131v\u0131 ortam\u0131 sudur ve h\u00fccrelerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %75\u2019i sudan olu\u015fur. H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki \u00e7o\u011fu kimyasal madde de suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u015fekildedir. Elektrolitler ise h\u00fccresel reaksiyonlara olanak tan\u0131yan inorganik kimyasallar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisinde bulunan elektrolitlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 potasyum, magnezyum, s\u00fclfat, fosfat, sodyum ve klordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin B\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00fccrenin 3 temel yap\u0131s\u0131 nedir <\/strong>sorusunun cevab\u0131 h\u00fccre zar\u0131, sitoplazma ve \u00e7ekirdek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-5-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-5-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-5-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Hucre-5-1-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00fccre zar\u0131, h\u00fccrenin kendisini d\u0131\u015f ortamdan ay\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir. DNA, RNA gibi ya\u015famsal molek\u00fclleri da\u011f\u0131lmaktan koruyan h\u00fccreler, molek\u00fcl veya organellerine zarar verebilecek molek\u00fclleri de bu sayede kendisinden uzak tutar. H\u00fccre zarlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u00fccre i\u00e7erisindeki sitoplazmay\u0131 h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ortamdan ay\u0131rmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fccreye materyal giri\u015fini ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resept\u00f6r g\u00f6revi yapmak,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fccreye antijenik \u00f6zellik kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sitoplazma ise her h\u00fccrede farkl\u0131 boyutlarda ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u015fekillerde bulunur. Sitoplazman\u0131n berrak s\u0131v\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 sitozol olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve bu s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u015fekilde protein, glikoz, lipit bile\u015fikleri ve elektrolitler bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00fccrenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan organeller ise;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Endoplazmik retikulum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ribozom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lizozom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perkosizom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Silia ve flagella<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mitokondri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Golgi ayg\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u00fccre D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00fccrenin \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca meydana gelen olaylar\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden <strong>h\u00fccre d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong> \u00f6karyotik h\u00fccrelerde iki ana a\u015famadan meydana gelir. Bunlar interfaz ve mitotik fazd\u0131r. Yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7i\u015f evresi olan interfaz esnas\u0131nda h\u00fccre b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve metabolik i\u015flevlerini yerine getirir. Bu sayede DNA\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 kopyalayarak h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir a\u015fama olan mitotik fazda ise h\u00fccre sitoplazmas\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerini b\u00f6lerek ana h\u00fccreye ait iki yavru h\u00fccre meydana getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inekle.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Evde online ders<\/strong><\/a> almak m\u0131 istiyorsunuz? Sitemize g\u00f6z at\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00fccrenin yap\u0131s\u0131; bir \u00e7ekirdek zar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili olan ve \u00e7ekirde\u011fini \u00e7evreleyen bir sitoplazma kitlesinden olu\u015fur. B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar bir ya da birden fazla h\u00fccreden\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6214,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_inekle_views":8,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2477],"tags":[708,22,2824,711,49,2850,686,685],"class_list":["post-6213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ders-icerikleri","tag-ayt","tag-canli-ders","tag-hucre","tag-lgs","tag-online-dershane","tag-organel","tag-tyt","tag-yks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6213"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10784,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6213\/revisions\/10784"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}