{"id":3646,"date":"2022-12-27T15:18:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T12:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/?p=3646"},"modified":"2024-08-19T16:10:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T13:10:03","slug":"filozoflarla-tanisalim-serisi-bolum-4-fransic-bacon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/filozoflarla-tanisalim-serisi-bolum-4-fransic-bacon\/","title":{"rendered":"Filozoflarla Tan\u0131\u015fal\u0131m: Francis Bacon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tekrardan ho\u015f geldin sevgili okur. \u015eu ana kadarki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda Antik Yunan\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli filozoflarla ve onlar\u0131n fikirleriyle, felsefeye katt\u0131klar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u015eimdi ise Antik Yunan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye y\u00f6neliyoruz ve olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir isim olan Francis Bacon\u2019a merhaba diyoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FRANCIS BACON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francis Bacon felsefeye katt\u0131klar\u0131yla R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli filozoflar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. Kendisi 1561 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken iyi bir okula girmi\u015f daha sonra buradan mezun olup hukuk e\u011fitimine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat hocas\u0131n\u0131n kendisine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hocas\u0131 Aristo hayran\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Bacon R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n getirdi\u011fi h\u00fcmanizm ak\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu sebeple okulu b\u0131rakan Bacon Fransa\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak babas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnce Londra\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve hukuk e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131. 1584\u2019te parlamentoya se\u00e7ildi ve otuz alt\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca burada g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Daha sonra ba\u015f yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa atanan Bacon\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131 bir anda gelen r\u00fc\u015fvet alma su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla alt \u00fcst oldu. T\u00fcm bu olaylardan sonra siyasete geri d\u00f6nmesi yasakland\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece Bacon hayat\u0131n\u0131 felsefeye adamaya karar verdi. Bacon kendini do\u011fa felsefesine adad\u0131; Platon ve Aristo\u2019nun aksine deneye ve bilimleri a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00e7abas\u0131na, kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlere vurgu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BACON\u2019IN D\u00d6RT PUTU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bacon art\u0131k i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklilikleri sebebiyle Antik Yunan filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yetersiz bulmaktayd\u0131. Hala bu fikirlere yaslanan insanlar da onu hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131yordu. Kendi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme s\u00fcrecini \u201cputlar\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Soy Putlar\u0131: \u0130nsan do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ve herkeste ortak olan yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flar<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ma\u011fara Putlar\u0131: Bireysel mizac\u0131n ve e\u011filimlerin sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yorumlar<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131-Pazar Putlar\u0131: Birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 olarak dilin ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015flar<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Tiyatro Putlar\u0131: \u0130nsan zihnini saran \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan edinilmi\u015f dogma ve y\u00f6ntemler<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015fte bu d\u00f6rt put veya idol sebebiyle bilgi edinmenin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Bacon, bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in bilimsel bir y\u00f6ntem ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece t\u00fcmevar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemini geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00dcMEVARIM Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00fcmevar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi Francis Bacon\u2019\u0131n felsefeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 dersek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. T\u00fcmevar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi, do\u011fay\u0131 dikkatle g\u00f6zlemleme ve bu g\u00f6zlemler sonucu elde edilen verileri sistematik bir \u015fekilde derlemeyi birle\u015ftirir. T\u00fcmevar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi \u015f\u00f6yle i\u015fler: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u015fey hakk\u0131ndan deneyimsel g\u00f6zlemler derlemek<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Bu derlemeleri \u2018\u015feyin bulundu\u011fu durumlar, hi\u00e7 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar ve de\u011fi\u015fen derecelerde bulundu\u011fu durumlar\u2019 olarak \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131rmak<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 inceleyerek s\u00f6z kon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. usu \u015feyin olu\u015fumunda etkili olmayan verileri elemek ve olu\u015fumda etkili olabilecek verileri saptamak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gibi sevgili okur, filozoflar sadece g\u00f6zlem de\u011fil deney de yapabiliyor. Francis Bacon R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n da etkisiyle deneye y\u00f6nelen bir filozof olarak bunu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Umuyorum ki yeni filozoflar ke\u015ffetmek seni hala e\u011flendiriyordur. Bir sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da bulu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. O zamana kadar kendine iyi bak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Emine Ekin Kanat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      27.12.2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tekrardan ho\u015f geldin sevgili okur. \u015eu ana kadarki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda Antik Yunan\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli filozoflarla ve onlar\u0131n fikirleriyle, felsefeye katt\u0131klar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u015eimdi ise\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[380,50,7,1113,3,690,102,88,689],"tags":[708,1865,1554,22,1863,1674,1864,1866,711,163,49,154,936,1867,1676,1848,1675,1868,1869,686,70,151,685],"class_list":["post-3646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ogrenciler-soruyor","category-online-egitim","category-sinavlar","category-sks","category-tavsiyeler","category-tyt","category-vay-canina","category-veliler-icin","category-yks","tag-ayt","tag-bacon","tag-bolum","tag-canli-ders","tag-dort","tag-filozoflarla","tag-fransic","tag-frlsefe","tag-lgs","tag-lys-tavsiyeleri","tag-online-dershane","tag-online-ozel-ders","tag-psikoloji","tag-putlar","tag-serisi","tag-sosyoloji","tag-tanisalim","tag-teoremi","tag-tumevarim-teoremi","tag-tyt","tag-universite-tercih","tag-universiteliden-ozel-ders","tag-yks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3646\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.inekle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}